PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.